Calorific values for different raw materials

Energy content for various biomass (dry weight basis)

Raw material	KJ/Kg (KiloJoule/Kg)	KJ/Kg (KiloJoule/Kg)	Btu/Kg (British thermal unit/kg)	Btu/Kg (British thermal unit/kg)
	Lower calorific values	Higher calorific values	Lower calorific value	Higher calorific value
Softwood	17500	21100	16590	20003
Hardwood	18600	20700	17633	19624
Oak	17400	18800	16495	17822
Birch wood	18700	20100	17728	19055
Pine wood	19500	20800	18486	19718
Douglas pine wood	19700	21000	18676	19908
Spruce wood	18500	19800	17538	18770
Cherry wood	17900	19100	16969	18107
Cypress wood	21500	23000	20382	21804
Elm wood	19000	20500	18012	19434
Eucaluptus wood	18300	19600	17348	18581
Maple wood	18700	20000	17728	18960
Larch wood	18700	20100	17728	19055
Poplar wood	19400	20800	18391	19718
Teak wood	18900	20200	17917	19150
Coconut trunk wood	16600	17800	15737	16874
Willow wood	17300	18600	16400	17633

Hardwood bark	18300	19600	17348	18581
Oak bark	18300	19300	17348	18296
Pine bark	19700	21000	18676	19908
Spruce bark	19100	20300	18107	19244
Cedar bark	19800	21100	18770	20003
Douglas fir bark	20800	22100	19718	20951
Eucaluptus bark	17300	18500	16400	17538
Miscantus/Napier grass	17800	19100	16874	18107
Switchgrass	16800	19100	15926	18107
Bamboo	19000	19800	18012	18770
Alfalfa	17030	18500	16144	17538
Lucerne	17700	19000	16780	18012
Cotton gin trash	15200	1600	14410	15452
Cotton stalks	17000	18300	16116	17348
Flax	17800	18800	16874	17822
Hemp	16500	17600	15642	16685
Jute stick	17800	19400	16874	18391
Grass	17000	18100	16116	17159
Hay	16200	18300	15358	17348
Corn stalks/stover	16800	18500	15926	17538
Suger cane bagasse	17700	19400	16780	18391
Wheat straw	15000	18900	14220	17917
Rice straw	13500	14800	12798	14030
Rice husk	14200	15400	13462	14599

Values are indicative for the lower and higher heating values on dry basis

Source: Energy Research Center of the Netherlands